X. (10 POINTS)
The Supreme Court has provided a formula for allocating seats for party-list representatives.
(a) The twenty percent allocation – the combined number of all party-list congressmen shall not exceed twenty percent of the total membership of the House of Representatives, including those elected under the party list;
(b) The two percent threshold – only those parties garnering a minimum of two percent of the total valid votes cast for the party-list system are "qualified" to have a seat in the House of Representatives;
(c) The three-seat limit – each qualified party, regardless of the number of votes it actually obtained, is entitled to a maximum of three seats; that is, one "qualifying" and two additional seats; and
(d) The first-party rule – additional seats which a qualified party is entitled to shall be determined in relation to the total number of votes garnered by the party with the highest number of votes. For each of these rules, state the constitutional or legal basis, if any, and the purpose.
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